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VCE Argument Analysis Essay Examples

VCE argument analysis examines how a writer or speaker builds a case and uses language and visuals to position an audience. These examples focus on the relationship between argument, choice and intended effect.

A useful response follows the material's movement rather than marching through a memorised list of techniques. Notice how writers group evidence around shifts in tone, purpose and argument.

Published essay examples

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Garcia Marquez conveys the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 70%: Introduction - Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “Chronicle of a Death Foretold” is a novella that revolves around the…

Introduction -  Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “Chronicle of a Death Foretold” is a novella that revolves around the brutal murder of Santiago Nasar and raises questions around collective responsibility and moral weight. The author suggests that subconscious obedience to societal expectations is the catalyst to injustices. Marquez emphasises the way double standards in society are used to justify suffering, while also celebrating the defiance of unwritten social rules.  BP1 -  Through his novella, Marquez challenges the notion that thoughtless compliance with social norms is beneficial. By presenting Santiago Nasar’s death as a consequence of adherence to expectations, the author exposes how social expectations can contribute to the immoral actions of individuals. For instance, in court, Pedro and Pablo Vicario’s justification of their crime is simply “it was a matter of honour”, suggesting that they viewed the honour-killing as necessary and a normal part of their society. Marquez utilises their justification to scrutinise the way societal standards around restoring honour cause people to interpret murder as justified rather than a crime. Marquez presents such social norms as eroding individual empathy, as the Vicario brothers, despite taking responsibility for the murder, asserted “but we’re innocent” in court. Through the perspective of the Vicario brothers, the author suggests that unjust social standards can weaken moral judgement by disguising an act of immorality as duty. Moreover, Marquez emphasises the way unethical social expectations lay the foundation for injustice. For example, Pablo Vicario’s fiancee Prudencia Cotes later admitted that she wouldn’t have married him if “he hadn’t done what a man should do.” By presenting the Vicario brothers’ crime as a gender expectation, the author highlights how blindly adhering to such standards within society can shape actions and contribute to negative consequences such as the tragic death of Santiago Nasar. Marquez conveys that when social expectations are viewed as obligations rather than individual choice, blind adherence and tragedies become inevitable.  BP2 - 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Good morning fellow book-lovers. I…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 82.5%: Amidst the rise of e-readers and other electronic literature devices, discussion has grown about the risks…

Amidst the rise of e-readers and other electronic literature devices, discussion has grown about the risks they pose to future literacy. Addressing an audience of teachers, librarians, and senior school students from the local area, Mrs Elliot’s speech at the opening of the ‘Reading: the future’ forum outlines the potential harm perpetuated by the complete transition away from traditional literature. Accompanying her speech with two visual sources she balances the benefit and detriment provided by e-readers both intellectually and culturally. Elliot commences her speech by establishing a sense of understanding with the audience, and constructing her persona as a pragmatic figure, outlining how e-readers have failed to deliver their promised benefits. Beginning with an address to her ‘fellow book lovers’, the speaker immediately constructs rapport with more literarily inclined listeners. She cultivates an intimate in-group with them in order to ensure they feel represented by her perspective. This predisposes the audience to hold greater respect for Elliot’s opinion and feel more invested in preserving traditional literature, as it represents an important part of their shared community. Building off this specific connection, the orator then describes herself as an ‘early adopter’, the proaction implied in the term ‘adopter’ suggesting her tendency to willingly accept technology. She thereby shifts her focus onto more technologically inclined and younger audience members, allowing her to avoid appearing resistant to change, thereby framing later arguments as arising from genuine concern, rather than ideological opposition. By acknowledging that she initially misjudged the impacts of e-readers, thinking that they ‘had to be a good thing’, the speaker affirms a pragmatic and authentic persona, as she is willing to recognise her errors.  Meanwhile the certainty of the word ‘had’ is designed to remind the audience that even apparent facts can be flawed, encouraging them to revisit their certainty about the benefits provided by e-readers. To emphasise this notion Elliot continues by contrasting a previous idealistic view of ‘effortless’ change with a current, more grounded reality to reflect her shifting opinions, from naivety to realism. Elliot thereby encourages the audience to similarly challenge their preexisting assumptions of the benefits provided by technological change, advising a more critical and reasoned approach. Thus, Elliot’s introduction is designed to position book-lovers and younger, tech-comfortable audiences to feel closely connected to and represented by her, while nonetheless subtly positioning them to support the continual necessity for physical books, despite the transition towards digital alternatives.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Good morning fellow book-lovers. I…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 90%: Amidst the rise of e-readers and other electronic literature devices discussion has grown about the risks they…

Amidst the rise of e-readers and other electronic literature devices discussion has grown about the risks they pose to future literacy. Addressing an audience of teachers, librarians, and senior school students from the local area, Mrs Elliot’s speech at the opening of the ‘Reading: the future’ forum outlines the potential harm perpetuated by the complete transition away from traditional literature. Accompanying her speech with two visual sources she balances the benefit and detriment provided by e-readers both intellectually and culturally. Elliot commences her speech by establishing a sense of understanding with the audience, and constructing her persona as a pragmatic figure, outlining how e-readers have failed to deliver their promised benefits. Beginning with an address to her ‘fellow book lovers’, the speaker immediately constructs rapport with more literarily inclined listeners. She cultivates an intimate in-group with them in order to ensure they feel represented by her perspective. This predisposes the audience to hold greater respect for Elliot’s opinion and feel more invested in preserving traditional literature, as it represents an important part of their shared community. Building off this specific connection, the orator then describes herself as an ‘early adopter’, the agency of the term ‘adopter’ suggesting her tendency to willingly accept technology. She thereby shifts her focus onto more technologically inclined and younger audience members, allowing her to avoid appearing resistant to change, thereby framing later arguments as arising from genuine concern, rather than ideological opposition. By acknowledging that she initially misjudged the impacts of e-readers, thinking that they ‘had to be a good thing’, the speaker affirms a pragmatic and authentic persona, as she is willing to recognise her errors.  Meanwhile the certainty of the word ‘had’ is designed to remind the audience that even apparent facts can be flawed, encouraging them to revisit their certainty about the benefits provided by e-readers. To emphasise this notion Elliot continues by contrasting a previous idealistic view of ‘effortless’ change with a current, more grounded reality to reflect her shifting opinions, from naivety to realism. Elliot thereby encourages the audience to similarly challenge their preexisting assumptions of the benefits provided by technological change, advising a more critical and reasoned approach. Additionally, asserting that she is ‘an enthusiastic reader’ like many in her audience, Elliot fosters further personal connection with them through shared experiences. This is strengthened by the inclusive and active language of ‘we actively create’ which allows the audience to feel like involved participants, validating their desire to enact meaningful change. The speaker asserts literature as a mechanism through which individuals develop meaning, rather than merely passively consuming. This affirms the audience's sense of responsibility for protecting books and heightens their desire to preserve physical media, rather than moving entirely to e-readers. Thus, Elliot’s introduction is designed to position book-lovers and younger, tech-comfortable audiences to feel closely connected to and represented by her, while nonetheless subtly positioning them to support the continual necessity for physical books, despite the transition towards digital alternatives.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Page 14 of 14 Section C English Lab…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 67.5%: Section C - J store Regarding the recent concerning trends at J store including profit drops and a decrease…

Section C - J store Regarding the recent concerning trends at J store including profit drops and a decrease in employee satisfaction, CEO, Janine Jennings, released a short video for all employees to view. Adressed towards all staff, the piece adopts a concerned yet optimistic tone to contend that it is nessessary for their solution to be put into place, to turn around the business for the better. Jennings reassures staff that they will work through this slump as a team, as long as everyone embraces the plan. Jennings opens her piece by establishing gratitude and the key family values of the business to build a positive rapport with her audience. Through refering to all staff as "members of our J-store family," and "thanking" them for their time, she expresses gratitude towards everyone that contributes towards their business, whilst painting the picture for the audience that instead of a regular business, they are a family that look after and care for each other. This is reinforced through the personal anecdote of the author and her sister founding J-store with the goal of all employees feeling like "they were being cared for." This personalises the business, positioning the audience to view both the author and the business itself as a family of genuine people that care about those around them. Having established the core values of the business, Jennings shifts to a more concerned tone, acknowledging the issue at hand, reassuring that action will be taken. This concerning shift confronts viewers with the "concerning trends," positioning them to be more inclined to the later proposal for a solution. Jennings' claim that "most concerningly, employee satisfaction is also down," positions the audience to view J-store as a business that truly values their staff, with employee satisfaction as a top priority, following the confrontation, Jennings switches to a reassuring voice, encouraging that a change can be made. Through the inclusive language of "we," Jennings implies a sense of shared goals by everyone to improve wellbeing, painting the business as a team that must work together and support each other. Thus Jennings positions her viewers to feel prepared to act out the following solution to make a change for not only them, but the business as a whole.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: argument analysis on "Preserving the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 77.5%: In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school…

In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school student Taylor Swann has written an opinion piece titled "Preserving the Essence: The Perils of Inappropriate Suburban Housing Development", published on website Act Now as of the 27/09/2024. Swann contends that the manner in which suburban housing developments are occurring is unsustainable for the future of Australia, with particular focus on extending this message urgently to an audience primarily of Australian high school students, but also expanding reach to architects, policy makers, and urban planners. Swann uses a stark black and white visual in this piece to aid in emphasis of the contention through creation of deep contrasts between concepts and ideas.  Swann opens by matter of factly addressing her audience of “Australian senior high school students”, this direct address aids in creating a sense of obligation to continue reading Swann's piece for Australian Highschool students due to being directly informed as stakeholders of this issue. Swann opens with the argument of direct concern towards the impacts that unsustainable urban infrastructure can have on students’ senior education, suggesting that the harms this has on students' own development can be a hindrance to successful learning. Swann proceeds to pull focus to a key aspect of high school students' lives (being education) by stating that “overcrowded schools, bad public transportation, and congested roads” are key negative determinants of unsustainable housing development. By directly referencing harmful impacts to education, Swann is attempting to create a sense of unity through the universal experience of school students having education whilst also trying to increase urgency and concern for the harmful effects of suburban housing developments on a student's personal life. After these initial statements Swann proceeds to alter perspective to a connecting argument in which she contends that the environmental ramifications of unsustainable development is accelerating the young generation of Australia towards a future of decreased biodiversity and environmental health, further appealing to a sense of moral obligation to care for the environment as a young audience who are commonly concerned with the concept of climate change. Swann states that numerous species have been “displaced” and that there has been “disruption of delicate ecosystems”, by characterising ecosystems as“delicate” Swann is exemplifying the power in which humans possess over flora and fauna, and appeals to the guilt of architects and policy makers who are supporting these housing developments. The suggestion of these “delicate ecosystems” also presents the biodiversity of Australia as a fragile environment requiring protection, which furthermore appeals to the empathy of high school students towards the defenseless nature of the environment in the face of human control. Swann uses this to furthermore encourage a moral responsibility from the audience to act in a sustainable manner to help conserve and protect the ecosystems of Australia. Swann also proceeds to refer to environmental areas as “green spaces” which are being destroyed. A black and white visual is utilised by Swann with an aim to present a contrast between the current development of urban housing as a dark, and industrialized industry, compared to the connotations of the phrase “green space”, suggesting colour and external environments to reside in, which are not evident in the darkened image filled with houses and a lack of environmental areas. This contrast is used by Swann to appeal to the concern of high school students about how their future may become if change does not occur, encouraging action and further engagement with the opinion piece, promoting a sense of grief and disappointment for the loss of a potential future. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: argument analysis on "Preserving the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 80%: In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school…

In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school student Taylor Swann has written an opinion piece titled "Preserving the Essence: The Perils of Inappropriate Suburban Housing Development", published on website Act Now as of the 27/09/2024. Swann contends that the manner in which suburban housing developments are occurring is unsustainable for the future of Australia, with particular focus on extending this message urgently to an audience primarily of Australian high school students, but also expanding reach to architects, policy makers, and urban planners. Swann uses a stark black and white visual in this piece to aid in emphasis of the contention through creation of deep contrasts between concepts and ideas.  Swann opens by matter of factly addressing her audience of “Australian senior high school students”, this direct address aids in creating a sense of obligation to continue reading Swann's piece for Australian Highschool students due to being directly informed as stakeholders of this issue. Swann opens with the argument of direct concern towards the impacts that unsustainable urban infrastructure can have on students’ senior education, suggesting that the harms this has on students' own development can be a hindrance to successful education. Swann proceeds to pull focus to a key aspect of high school students' lives (being education) by stating that “overcrowded schools, bad public transportation, and congested roads” are key negative determinants of unsustainable housing development. By directly referencing harmful impacts to education, Swann is attempting to create a sense of unity through the universal experience of school students having education whilst also trying to increase urgency and concern for the harmful effects of suburban housing developments on a student's personal life. After these initial statements Swann proceeds to alter perspective to a connecting argument in which she contends that the environmental ramifications of unsustainable development is accelerating the young generation of Australia towards a future of decreased biodiversity and environmental health, further appealing to a sense of moral obligation to care for the environment as a young audience who are commonly concerned with the concept of climate change. Swann states that numerous species have been “displaced” and that there has been “disruption of delicate ecosystems”, by characterising ecosystems as“delicate” Swann is exemplifying the power in which humans possess over flora and fauna, and appeals to the guilt of architects and policy makers who are supporting these housing developments. The suggestion of these “delicate ecosystems” also presents the biodiversity of Australia as a fragile environment requiring protection, which furthermore appeals to the empathy of high school students towards the defenseless nature of the environment in the face of human control. Swann uses this to furthermore encourage a moral responsibility from the audience to act in a sustainable manner to help conserve and protect the ecosystems of Australia. Swann also proceeds to refer to environmental areas as “green spaces” which are being destroyed. The use of a black and white visual is utilised by Swann with an aim to present a contrast between the current development of urban housing as a dark, and industrialized industry, compared to the connotations of the phrase “green space”, suggesting colour and external environments to reside in, which are not evident in the darkened image filled with houses and a lack of environmental areas. This contrast is used by Swann to appeal to the concern of high school students about how their future may become if change does not occur, encouraging action and further engagement with the opinion piece, promoting a sense of grief and disappointment for the loss of a potential future. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: argument analysis on "Preserving the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 77.5%: In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school…

In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school student Taylor Swann has written an opinion piece titled "Preserving the Essence: The Perils of Inappropriate Suburban Housing Development", published on website Act Now as of the 27/09/2024. Swann contends that the manner in which suburban housing developments are occurring is unsustainable for the future of Australia, with particular focus on extending this message urgently to an audience primarily of Australian high school students, but also expanding reach to architects, policy makers, and urban planners. The accompaniment of a black and white visual is also present in this piece to aid in emphasis of Swann’s contention through creation of stark contrasts.  Swann opens by matter of factly addressing her audience of “Australian senior high school students”, this direct address aids in creating a sense of obligation to continue reading Swann's piece for Australian Highschool students due to being directly informed as stakeholders of this issue. Swann opens with the argument of direct concern towards the impacts that unsustainable urban infrastructure can have on students’ senior education, suggesting that the harms this has on students' own development can be a hindrance to successful education. Swann proceeds to pull focus to a key aspect of high school students' lives (being education) by stating that “overcrowded schools, bad public transportation, and congested roads” are key negative determinants of unsustainable housing development. By directly referencing harmful impacts to education, Swann is attempting to create a sense of unity through the universal experience of school students having education whilst also trying to increase urgency and concern for the harmful effects of suburban housing developments on a student's personal life. After these initial statements Swann proceeds to alter perspective to a connecting argument in which she contends that the environmental ramifications of unsustainable development is accelerating the young generation of Australia towards a future of decreased biodiversity and environmental health, further appealing to a sense of moral obligation to care for the environment as a young audience who are commonly concerned with the concept of climate change. Swann states that numerous species have been “displaced” and that there has been “disruption of delicate ecosystems”, by characterising ecosystems as“delicate” Swann is exemplifying the power in which humans possess over flora and fauna, and appeals to the guilt of architects and policy makers who are supporting these housing developments. The suggestion of these “delicate ecosystems” also presents the biodiversity of Australia as a fragile environment requiring protection, which furthermore appeals to the empathy of high school students towards the defenseless nature of the environment in the face of human control. Swann uses this to furthermore encourage a moral responsibility from the audience to act in a sustainable manner to help conserve and protect the ecosystems of Australia. Swann also proceeds to refer to environmental areas as “green spaces” in which are being destroyed. The use of a black and white visual is utilised by Swann with an aim to present a contrast between the current development of urban housing as a dark, and industrialized industry, compared to the connotations of the phrase “green space”, suggesting colour and external environments to reside in, which are not evident in the darkened image filled with houses and a lack of environmental areas. This contrast is used by Swann to appeal to the concern of high school students about how their future may become if change does not occur, encouraging action and further engagement with the opinion piece, promoting a sense of grief and disappointment for the loss of a potential future. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: argument analysis on "Preserving the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 72.5%: In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school…

In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school student Taylor Swann has written an opinion piece titled "Preserving the Essence: The Perils of Inappropriate Suburban Housing Development", published on website Act Now as of the 27/09/2024. Swann contends that the manner in which suburban housing developments are occurring is unsustainable for the future of Australia, with particular focus on extending this message urgently to an audience primarily of Australian high school students, but also expanding reach to architects, policy makers, and urban planners. The accompaniment of a black and white visual is also present in this piece to aid in emphasis of Swann’s contention through creation of stark contrasts. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: argument analysis on "Preserving the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 70%: In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school…

In light of the recent events regarding the sustainability of suburban housing developments, high school student Taylor Swann has written an opinion piece titled "Preserving the Essence: The Perils of Inappropriate Suburban Housing Development", published on website Act Now as of (insert date that I couldn't find). Swann contends that the manner in which suburban housing developments are occurring is unsustainable for the future of Australia, with particular focus on extending this message urgently to an audience primarily of Australian high school students, but also expanding reach to architects, policy makers, and urban planners. The accompaniment of a black and white visual is also present in this piece to aid in emphasis of Swann’s contention. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: VCE ENGLISH UNIT 2 Task 10: Exploring…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 97.5%: "Daylight Robbery" (Draft 5) FIVE DOLLARS... for a basic loaf of white bread. [Pause] ANOTHER five dollars...…

"Daylight Robbery" (Draft 5) FIVE DOLLARS... for a basic loaf of white bread. [Pause] ANOTHER five dollars... for a standard two-litre carton of milk. SEVEN... whole dollars if you also want free-range eggs. It's just your regular weekly trolley. Lately... standing at the checkout makes me feel like I'm watching a slow-motion car crash. MOST of us have stopped looking at the digital screen... because we already KNOW the total is going to empty our wallets. But don't let ANYONE convince you this is just normal inflation. Yes, inflation explains SOME price increases. But when the price of a basic loaf of bread has climbed more than TWENTY-TWO PERCENT, and eggs by over FORTY-ONE PERCENT, in just a few years... we have to ask whether MARKET POWER is playing a role. Because market power doesn't automatically mean price gouging. But it CAN create the conditions where anticompetitive conduct becomes harder to challenge. And that's the problem. There's ONE tool that would genuinely tip that balance back: the Federal Government should give the ACCC conditional, last-resort divestiture powers... allowing it to require major supermarkets to sell stores when an investigation PROVES sustained anticompetitive conduct and existing remedies have failed. [Long pause] Because behind all these percentages and corporate reports... are REAL people. The ACCC found that Coles and Woolworths account for roughly SIXTY-SEVEN PERCENT of Australia's supermarket retail sales, while Australians faced significant cost-of-living pressure. And groceries are just ONE part of the problem. Housing. Electricity. Transport. Food. Every essential expense takes another bite. But behind those statistics is the HUMAN cost, and it's worth being specific about what that actually looks like. It's the single mother of three recalculating her trolley over an extra dollar. It's the pensioner who wants to get sweets for their grandchildren, then quietly puts them back. It's the uni student choosing between rent... [Pause] ...and dinner. When market power is concentrated, the people with the least room to move can have the most to lose. And THAT is why competition matters. [Long pause - shift tone]

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: the issue for the argument analysis is…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 85%: Written by the editorial of the Washington Post — a major American newspaper with an audience of Californian…

Written by the editorial of the Washington Post — a major American newspaper with an audience of Californian citizens who value free speech and stand against laws prohibiting free expression, the editor writes in response to the March 2025 lawsuit against Meta and Google, filed by a woman named KGM. The lawsuit aimed to push large social media giants to admit their platforms were deliberately designed as addictive and to add an age ban to protect the youth from adverse mental health problems. While many progressives praised the jury’s decision to hold the giants accountable, the editorial writes to their conservative audience and intends to warn Californian citizens of their risk of losing free speech platforms by saying the lawsuit is actually a way to restrict citizens from their access to rights. This is done through an overall educate and activate argument structure, where the authors of the Washington Post highlight the risk of losing rights to free speech while urging Californian citizens to protest against the ban. The author opens the piece by using a head and heart strategy to signify the risk of Californian citizens losing their freedom of expression if negligence is given to their own behaviors. The opening is accompanied by a large photograph where Meta CEO Mark Zuckerburg can be seen leaving court, surrounded by a swam of camera crew and other citizens. The photograph has a tone that highlights Zuckerburg’s nonchalance in the scene he is surrounded by, to emphasize he is just a businessman who created a platform without any ill intention of harming youth. It positions the audience of right-leaning citizens to see the court jury as an exaggerated situation and shift their focus to the main problem introduced in the opening text. The photograph helps to give the contect of the issue, supported by a fact on the court hearing where “$6 mulluon where given in damaged” to KGM for her social media “addiction”. It allows to emphasize how if citizens keep blaming companies who are running businesses, they risk taking away their own rights — signified through the use of inclusive language by highlighting “our” loss. The overall intended effect is to educate the audience about the main issue and inform them of their stake of losing freedom of speech.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Australia should protect the use of…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 80%: Intro: “Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither…

Intro:  “Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety".   This is a quote that I first came across in my Year 9 Humanities class. Silently sitting in there, I didn't really give much thought, attention, or value to this issue now, only 3 years later this quote has given me a new perspective on our society.  Benjamin Franklin's words reflect how the sacrifice of fundamental rights risks the loss of both freedom and security. So, what does this mean?   This demonstrates how Australia is quickly transitioning into a cashless future, one that our future generation is approaching with limited choice or say. Unless we make a change, our country's inclusivity and safety will be at risk.  Australia's convenience of contactless payments is being identified as one of the ‘frontrunners’ of digital payments. We are amongst other leading countries such as China, Norway, and South Korea. However, Australia’s gap in data protection services, leave citizens feeling like they lack control over their personal data.   Despite its efficiency and easy to use system of digital payments, cash should remain an important part of our everyday lives. From supporting the vulnerable to equipping our children with the financial literacy that they need to manage life.  We should ensure that we protect the use of cash instead of fading into a cashless society.   Our actions to preserve cash should ensure that cash and digital payments coexist to ensure that we create a more inclusive, one-for-all society.    B1:  According to the Australian Human Rights Commission, almost one in four Australians are digitally excluded from society. This is almost seven million people in our country.  Additionally, cash is essential for those who find it difficult to use or access online banking, such as people living in remote areas, including First Nations communities, as digital services are becoming steadily unreliable over time.  Many shops are already transitioning to ‘card-only’ policies, excluding many vulnerable citizens, such as people with disabilities and victim survivors. So, every time we use digital payments for transactions that could be made with the cash sitting at the bottom of our wallets, Australia moves one step closer to becoming a digital world that is difficult to escape, without considering the needs of all citizens. By continuing to use cash in small parts of our everyday lives, we can help preserve it for our vulnerable citizens, including the elderly.    B2:  Furthermore, cash is an important asset to have as it is vital for emergencies and helps individuals and especially families to budget effectively.   Many of us often face unexpected situations.  

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: this is an ORAL pov

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 95%: Good evening everyone. As part of this community discussion on Victoria’s healthcare system, I’ve been asked to…

Good evening everyone. As part of this community discussion on Victoria’s healthcare system, I’ve been asked to speak about an issue that affects thousands of Victorians every day. As an emergency department nurse, I see the impact of this issue firsthand.”  “It’s 2am. Every chair in the emergency department waiting room is occupied. An elderly man is clutching his chest. A mother is trying to comfort her crying child. A paramedic crew waits beside their ambulance because there is nowhere to transfer their patient.   And all around them is the same question: ‘How much longer?  As an emergency department nurse working within Victoria’s public healthcare system,   this isn’t a scene from a television drama.   It is a reality that healthcare workers and patients face every day.  Last winter, I cared for an elderly woman who arrived at the emergency department struggling to breathe. She was frightened, exhausted, and clearly needed urgent medical attention.   Yet because there were no available beds, she spent hours waiting in a chair.  Throughout the night, she kept asking me the same question:  “When will I be seen?”  I wanted to reassure her.   Instead, all I could do was apologise.  Sadly, her experience is not unique.  Victoria’s emergency healthcare system is under immense pressure, and urgent action is needed to reduce dangerous hospital wait times.  The evidence is clear. The number of patients waiting more than 24 hours in Victorian emergency departments has increased by over 70% compared to the previous year.   In addition, only around 71% of patients are treated within clinically recommended time limits,   meaning nearly one in three patients waits longer than they should.  These are not just statistics. They represent real people waiting in pain, fear, and uncertainty.  One major reason for this crisis is the shortage of hospital beds.  Emergency departments are designed to assess and stabilise patients before transferring them to hospital wards  . However, when wards are already full, patients remain in emergency departments for extended periods.    This creates a bottleneck across the entire system.  Some people argue that the Victorian Government has already invested billions of dollars into healthcare and that improvements simply takes time.  While that may be true, investment means little if demand continues to exceed capacity.  

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfre…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 70%: In response to the recent debate surrounding the rise of AI data centres, David Pocock's article published in…

In response to the recent debate surrounding the rise of AI data centres, David Pocock's article published in The Guardian contends that the Australian Government must maximise the benefits they receive from foreign-owned companies. Writing in a cautionary tone, Pocock warns Australians of Australia's past mistakes regarding gas exportation. Pocock first highlights Australia's previous failure to receive a fair return for gas companies' gas exportation, using this as a warning against repeating similar mistakes with the emerging AI industry. Pocock guides the audience by utilising hypophora, asking the audience "why" people promote the idea for a '35%' tax on gas exports" and answering his own question. This makes it easier for them to follow along, as they are able to immediately realise "what's happening" with gas exports. This hypophora also serves to make the answer appear obvious and appeal to the audience's sense of Pocock then employs inclusive language, where he shifts from focusing on the issue of gas exports from a national perspective to a more individual scale. He suggests their gas "belongs to all of us," personalising the argument to the audience emphasising the effects of not maximising their potential "return" and how it would impact Australian citizens directly. This use of inclusive language also serves to evoke a shared sense of responsibility, as Pocock positions them to feel as if they have ownership over this gas and therefore have an obligation to 'deserve a fair return for it.' This is further accentuated by Pocock's appeal to concern through referring to gas as a 'finite resource.' This evokes concern in the audience, positioning them to presents gas as a valuable resource and emphasizes the severity of the situation. By portraying the government as putting their 'vested interests' ahead of the national interest," the audience is encouraged to evaluate whether the government is capable of being in control of such a valuable resource. The government is also presented as acting out of self-interest, amplifying the audience's frustration as they may feel previously established sense of responsibility over Australia is impacted by the government's careless mistakes. Thus, Pocock leaves the audience feeling a sense of ownership and control over the Australian government's decisions.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: An open letter to the Narrow Valley…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 67.5%: In response to a financially straining period for the Narrow Valley region, A local group of musicians wrote…

In response to a financially straining period for the Narrow Valley region, A local group of musicians wrote an open letter directed to the ‘Narrow Valley community, young and old, who wish to see our region rejuvenated’. Writing with a sense of earnest enthusiasm, the authors contend that a new music festival is the intervention needed to face economic and visitor traffic decline, as well as reinvigorate the spirits of residents. The author combines a simple photograph of assorted instruments with deliberate concessions to present this change to tradition as constructive of the characteristics of Narrow Valley, and inclusive to all residents and musicians, regardless of age or skill. The authors open charismatically, establishing themselves as a capable and agreeable group to present the proposed music festival as an inclusive and fun opportunity. They introduce themselves by listing their members as “music students, teachers, and mentors”, the triplet depicting a broad variety of age, and experience that illustrates an environment of both new growth and tested experience. This image appeals to musicians of the audience by presenting the group behind the music festival as both welcoming to beginners, and adequate for experienced or skilful members. Thus, enticing musicians to join and support the festival, which they describe using modernised progressive language as “inclusive, youth driven, energetic and shiny”. These words target residents of Narrow Valley interested in innovative change, portraying the festival as a source of “long overdue change” to reinvigorate the community. As a result, these positively geared adjectives convey a sense of excitement that add to the audience’s perception of the author’s pleasant charisma and energy. To add to this established relationship, the author’s then reference a statistic of their “thousands of followers on social media,” to provide objective proof to support their credibility as a successful music group. By including this, Narrow Valley residents and musicians alike are positioned to trust the capabilities of the group to provide a satisfactory music festival, allowing the authors to move towards practical persuasion. After establishing the promise of the music festival, the authors subsequently address concerns about the disruptiveness of a music festival especially to a rural community. Parodying the stubborn resistance of an audience member, they argue animatedly that the communities beloved Gorgeous Gardens Festival is declining, and musical change is what it needs. The authors reference concerns comedically, questioning “an unrelenting cacophony disrupting the peace and quiet of our streets?”. The image of a cacophony connoting an impressive and invigorating performance builds off their established credibility to ironically present concerns over the disruption of music as irrational. thus subtly discourages immediate concerns of residents inclined to be averse to obnoxious and loud performance. They finish the parody by shifting sentimentally to honestly address a pressing concern of many residents; “And… what about our Gorgeous Gardens Festival?” Using this concern as a bridging point, the authors reply “Yes. What about our garden festival”, the sentimental tone and inclusive language establishing shared values with the

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Analyse the piece "online age…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 75%: In the wake of the Australian government's implementation of Age Restricted Material Codes in order to better…

In the wake of the Australian government's implementation of Age Restricted Material Codes in order to better protect children from online harm, e-Safety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant published her opinion piece “Online Age Restrictions Are Common Sense”. Published on the 13th of March 2026 on the e-Safety website, the piece employs a pragmatic tone that shifts into accusatory. Alongside the text is a visual of a young child engrossed in their device, complementing Grant's overall contention that the online world is currently inadequately protecting children and that the new Australian Age Restrictions are necessary to the safety of youth. Grant utilises her role as e-Safety Commissioner to convey her arguments as knowledgeable and sensible, appealing to parents of minors to understand the dangers faced by their children if not for the implementation of online safeguards.  Grant initially opens with the conveyance of the material present online severity and the threat it poses to children. She employs hyperbolic and fear evoking language such as “high impact” when referring to violent media, and “extreme” when describing pornography. This encourages readers to understand the brutality of material that is “freely accessible” online to “impressionable young minds”, positioning them to feel concerned and frightened for the safety of youth, particularly readers with young children. Following with this, Grant utilises honest and blunt language when making reference to grave topics such as “self harm, suicide and disordered eating content”. Her usage of direct terms, rather than euphemisms, further evokes fear within parents using the shock value generated by the mention of dire, usually taboo subjects. Grant's listing of several types of harmful content present online, placed on its own lines for emphasis, elicits horror with its reinforcing of the danger children face. Her use of emotive language and honesty work in conjunction to compel parents into understanding the necessity of online restrictions, by targeting their innate desire to protect their children. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: prompt about handwriting

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 85%: The expansion of a technology driven world has eliminated the need for foundational skills that were once a…

The expansion of a technology driven world has eliminated the need for foundational skills that were once a need in society but now are often seen as a ‘forgotten skill’. Handwriting has created an arising debate on whether it is needed in the modern world. The author, Shonda Graham, an education consultant, is worried that her teachers don’t value handwriting as much as she would like. Shonda argues that writing is a multipurpose skill, which develops your handwriting, comprehension, spelling, and reading. Shonda uses a presentation to reach out to a broader community of teachers, attempting to improve the audience's literacy and writing instruction. Shonda, rather than being dismissive of all technology, expresses her disappointment on how they are being used, downplaying multiple vital skills that would be used if it wasn’t for computers taking over.    Through Shanda’s presentation, she outweighs how valued handwriting can be, ultimately expressing how underappreciated the rule can be for teachers and their younger students. Some might say, ‘what is the point of handwriting’, but Shanda dismisses this idea and shows the true value of what handwriting can bring, expressing her worry of how underappreciated the tool has become arguing that ‘handwriting is a gateway to better learning and understanding, and is an important teaching tool.’ Shanda then backs this up with contextual evidence, explaining that preschoolers actually learn letters when handwriting, attempting to get across to her audience about how important handwriting can be to create a functional learning path for infants and younger children. She also advocates for meaningful and creative practices rather than strict and harsh, ‘mindless’ drills, pushing parents and teachers to bring out the imagination in their children and students.   

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Analyse the piece 'online age…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 62.5%: In the wake of the Australian Government implementing Age-Restricted Material codes in order to better…

In the wake of the Australian Government implementing Age-Restricted Material codes in order to better protect children from online harm, esafety Commissioner Julie Inman grant published her opinion piece "Online Age Restrictions Are Common sense" on the 13th of March 2026. Published on the esafety website, the piece employs a pragmatic tone to contend that the online world is currently inadequately protecting children and that the new Australian Age Restrictions are necessary to the safety of youth. Grant utilises her role as eSafety Commissioner to convey her arguments as knowledgeable and sensible, appealing to the Australian Government as to continue making online safety changes and to parents of young people to understand the danger to their children if the Age Restrictions are not implemented.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Please mark harshly and make sure to…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 67.5%: The opinion piece by Julia R. Cartwright titled “Shooting 100 billion dollars in taxpayer funds to the moon…

The opinion piece by Julia R. Cartwright titled “Shooting 100 billion dollars in taxpayer funds to the moon is not a win” was created in response to the space exploration mission called Artemis II that occurred on the first of April 2026. This opinion piece, published on the ninth of April 2026 in “The Washington Post”, analyses and criticises the large financial spending on NASA space exploration that burdens American taxpayers who work earnestly for their own financial freedom. Specifically, Cartwright critiques the excessive amounts of money poured into space travel, which evidently robs American taxpayers and hard workers of the money they need for survival and livelihood in an already harsh global economic environment. Additionally, Cartwright uses a cynical and ironic tone directed towards individuals who are interested in space travel and, more specifically, ordinary American taxpayers who are most affected by this critical issue, aiming to advocate for a change from forced governmental funding to private company investments for space voyages such as Artemis II. Initially, Cartwright critiques the Artemis II mission for depriving American taxpayers of their hard-earned money because the government imposes taxes so NASA exploration can be funded. By opening with this point, Cartwright attempts to guide taxpayers in America to see the Artemis II mission as illogical and irrelevant. Placing this logical argument at the start of the article allows her logical argument to be founded on the understanding that NASA misuses government funding to conduct expensive space explorations. Cartwright purposefully initiates by claiming, “[it costs] taxpayers about 4.1 billion dollars”, inviting American taxpayers to understand the reality of the high expense of the Artemis II exploration and the high amount taken from their labouring income to fund this expense. This argument phase immediately follows her criticism of NASA because she wants to appeal to taxpayers’ logic to see Musks’ company as the reasonable alternative. Demonstrated through Cartwright’s claim,“[it’s] time for private businesses,... to lead humanity into space”, which possesses an assertive tone aimed at appealing to American taxpayers by supporting private businesses using their own money for space exploration rather than depriving hard-working American taxpayers who are not as invested and passionate about space travel. By juxtaposing NASA’s cost of approximately “four billion” dollars with SpaceX’s “three hundred and ninety million” dollars, Cartwright uses contrast and numerical evidence to link NASA to financial inefficiency and SpaceX to cost-effectiveness. The substantial difference makes NASA’s spending seem excessive and hard to justify, while presenting SpaceX as a more capable and disciplined alternative. This positions American taxpayers, whose money funds NASA, to feel frustrated by the agency’s spending and to question whether government-run space programs provide sufficient value for money. Consequently, taxpayers are encouraged to support Cartwright’s contention that private businesses, particularly SpaceX, should take a greater role in space exploration. 

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Why I’ve changed my mind about the…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 77.5%: In response to the government’s social media ban, Andrew Wilkie’s article titled “Why I’ve changed my mind…

In response to the government’s social media ban, Andrew Wilkie’s article titled “Why I’ve changed my mind about the social media bill” contends that the ban silences the voices of young people, and instead the onus should be placed on tech companies to protect them. Writing in both a critical and cynical tone, the author targets concerned parents in order to persuade them that the social media ban is ineffective and shift their focus towards demanding more regulation of tech companies.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Analysing language only for the first…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 70%: Still Waters magnifies the harmful mental impacts of excessive screentime, positioning young adults and…

Still Waters magnifies the harmful mental impacts of excessive screentime, positioning young adults and teenagers who are addicted to reconsider their choices regarding screentime and the impact it may have on them. The meditation group begins by labelling the notifications received as “pings”, which implies that these notifications are small, unneccessary and insignificant things that have no real emotion or meaning behind them. This positions young adults and teenagers to detach a sense of worth from them and think of them as useless distractions, which therefore prompts them to ignore and eliminate these distractions from their day-to-day activities. Moreover, still waters describes screentime and excessive usage as an unneccessary way to damage their mental health, claiming that 80% of individuals are ‘overwhelmed’ by a ‘constant stream’ of content and notifications. This denotes that screen time usage is a major factor in the depreciation of mental health and that

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Write an analysis of the ways in which…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 90%: Heated public discourse has ensued regarding whether there should be a date change for Australia Day,…

Heated public discourse has ensued regarding whether there should be a date change for Australia Day, especially due to the many political and ethical implications it is associated with. Prompted by the ongoing debate, Australian Catholic University lecturer Anthony Dillon’s opinion piece ‘Changing Australia Day is Pointless—and there is much to celebrate’ logically and analytically contends that Australia Day should not be restricted to a single, rigid purpose. Instead, the occasion can celebrate the nations achievements while acknowledging historical injustices. Published in The Conversation on January 25th 2017, the author appeals to socially curious students and professionals, positioning them to view the date as a multifaceted opportunity, rather than a divisive conflict with little nuance. From the outset, the author argues that the date must be kept the same because it is a celebration of the nation we live in. Opening his speech with an appeal to national identity and shared experience, Dillon declares Australia Day is celebrated by many Australians with “food, fun, and laughter.” By specifically selecting the quantifier “most” when claiming that “this is a day most Aussies look forward to” Dillon strategically constructs a sense of consensus. This choice carries the connotation of a collective norm, effectively positioning the reader to feel that agreeing is the most normal Australian position. Simultaneously, this pressures opposing readers to align with his point of view to remain part of the majority. Dillon bolsters this with a strategic concession, claiming historical injustice is never “worthy of celebrating” to build significant rapport with the reader. This projects reasonableness by acknowledging the audience’s potential objections. Following this with clarification, that “thousands of others” celebrate for “quite a different reason”, the author strengthens their own argument by resisting scrutiny. The reader is more inclined to view Dillon’s subsequent rejection of the change as a well-reasoned, logical conclusion, rather than an act of dismissal. The source of division within this debate is exposed, as the writer asserts that Australia Day “does not have to be tied to historical events.” Dillon reframes the debate, weakening the basis of the opposition’s argument that relies on the ethical weight of the past. This incites the reader to believe that changing the date in a modern Australia is an overreaction, as the meaning of a date is subjective and cannot be predetermined by historical injustice. Thus, Dillon dismantles the opposition’s arguments and justifies the status quo.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: Analysing argument essay regarding…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 90%: In response to growing public concern about the role of artificial intelligence in education, Kylie…

In response to growing public concern about the role of artificial intelligence in education, Kylie Moore‑Gilbert, a research fellow and academic commentator, presents an opinion piece titled “AI has destroyed value of a degree.” She contends that generative AI is rapidly undermining academic integrity, enabling widespread cheating, and ultimately devaluing university qualifications. Writing for parents, educators, and the broader Australian public, Moore‑Gilbert aims to alert readers to the accelerating dangers AI poses to genuine learning and the credibility of higher education. Throughout the piece, she adopts a concerned yet increasingly urgent tone as her warnings intensify. To reinforce her argument, Moore‑Gilbert integrates two strategically chosen images: an early photograph of two girls casually using a laptop, suggesting how effortlessly students incorporate AI into their work, and a concluding dystopian illustration of a robot puppeteering a powerless human, visually exaggerating AI’s dominance. These contrasting visuals underscore her contention that AI is simultaneously normalised and overpowering, accelerating the collapse of academic integrity. Initially, Moore‑Gilbert argues that AI has fundamentally altered education and diminished the value of pursuing a university degree. Opening with the personal anecdote that “My stepdaughter is in her final year of high school,” she personalises the issue, establishing credibility as both an academic and a concerned parental figure. By presenting the issue through a relatable family experience, readers are encouraged to view the problem as immediate and relevant to ordinary Australians. This argument is visually reinforced through the photograph of two girls gathered around a laptop, which normalises AI’s presence in everyday study. The relaxed posture and collaborative engagement depicted in the image embody the casual integration of AI into student life, prompting readers to recognise how deeply technology has embedded itself in academic routines. Furthermore, when she states that students are accumulating “tens of thousands of dollars of debt” only to be “graded on who can write the best AI prompts,” Moore‑Gilbert employs emotive language to portray higher education as increasingly meaningless. This encourages prospective students and parents to question whether university remains a worthwhile investment. Additionally, describing universities as engaging in “widespread, industrial‑scale fraud,” she uses hyperbolic and provocative language, shocking readers into reconsidering the legitimacy of modern higher education and encouraging them to perceive the issue as a systemic crisis rather than a minor educational concern.

VCE · Language Analysis

Language Analysis: I had to analyse an introduction for…

VCE Language Analysis essay scoring 70%: To open her opinion piece, Bennet declares that the current gambling reforms imposed by the Albanese government…

To open her opinion piece, Bennet declares that the current gambling reforms imposed by the Albanese government are important, but they lack the magnitude and substantial impact required for Australia’s level of loss. Bennet’s analogy of this ratio, “the equivalent of throwing a bucket of water onto a bushfire”, seeks to minimize the government’s reforms and show how much is really being done, to the audience. The use of “bushfire” signifies the widespread, unpredictability and chaotic nature of gambling throughout all of Australia, while “bucket” shows the lack of action toward the reforms and there minimal impact. Reading this, the audience may feel as though the reforms imposed by Labor and Albanese truly aren’t as impactful as they were made out to be. Following this, the revelation could cause distress and frustration throughout the readers toward Labor’s lack of urgency. Bennet also utilizes the metaphor, “there’s a casino in everyone’s pocket” to show the accessibility of modern day gambling and how the ease in it’s utilization aids Australia’s high gambling loss and addiction rates. The comparison of between something known for loss and widely regarded as somewhere to waste

What is VCE argument analysis assessing?

The task assesses your ability to identify the contention and sequence of arguments, then explain how verbal and visual choices support that persuasive work. Audience effect must be plausible and connected to context.

Strong analysis recognises combinations: a statistic may establish authority while inclusive language turns that authority into shared responsibility.

How should you study an argument analysis example?

Map the source article beside the response and check whether the paragraph order reflects meaningful argumentative stages. Highlight where the analysis explains why a choice appears at that moment.

Practise replacing vague effect language such as 'makes the reader agree' with a specific attitude, emotion or action relevant to the target audience.

What weakens language analysis?

Technique spotting without argument is the main weakness. Naming rhetorical questions, statistics or imagery does not explain how the author advances a case.

Invented audience reactions are another risk. Ground effects in the publication context, audience values and the language actually used.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to analyse every persuasive technique?

No. Select the choices that most clearly advance the argument and explain how they work together.

How should I discuss an image?

Analyse its composition, subject and relationship to the written argument. Avoid treating the visual as a disconnected final paragraph.

Should argument analysis follow the article chronologically?

Often the argument's stages provide a useful order, but group material by persuasive purpose rather than mechanically following every sentence.